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Vascular Problems in Elite Throwing Athletes
Vascular Problems in Elite Throwing Athletes
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Pdf Summary
Vascular injuries are a significant concern for elite throwing athletes, such as baseball players, who often experience conditions like thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS), axillary artery compression, and quadrilateral space syndrome. These issues, although uncommon, can mimic muscular injuries, leading to delayed diagnosis and potential severe consequences including thrombus formation, aneurysm rupture, and distal embolization. The document highlights various vascular conditions affecting throwing athletes: 1. <strong>Arterial Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (aTOS):</strong> This condition involves subclavian artery compression, often due to anatomical abnormalities or muscle hypertrophy from repetitive throwing. Symptoms can include arm heaviness and decreased pitching endurance. Imaging such as ultrasound, CT, or MRA is essential for diagnosis. Surgical decompression is the primary treatment, potentially combined with arterial reconstruction if necessary. 2. <strong>Paget-Schroetter Syndrome (Venous TOS):</strong> This involves subclavian vein thrombosis due to compression during overhead arm use. Symptoms include arm swelling and cyanosis. Diagnosis may require CT or MR venography. Surgical decompression and circumferential venolysis are indicated, often preceded or followed by thrombolytic therapy. 3. <strong>Quadrilateral Space Syndrome (QSS):</strong> Rare, it involves PHCA compression, causing symptoms like arm pallor and ischemia. Surgical intervention may involve PHCA ligation. 4. <strong>Hypothenar Hammer Syndrome:</strong> Involves the ulnar artery and is common in athletes using bats or sticks. Non-surgical treatment focuses on equipment modification, while severe cases may require surgical intervention. 5. <strong>Repetitive Finger Trauma:</strong> Commonly affects pitchers and catchers, causing finger pain and ulceration due to mechanical and vascular stress. Treatment includes protective gear modification; surgery is for severe cases. Timely identification and treatment of these vascular issues are crucial to prevent long-term damage and allow athletes to return to their sport.
Meta Tag
Edition
3rd Edition
Related Case
3rd Edition, CASE 57
Topic
Vascular
Keywords
3rd Edition, CASE 57
3rd Edition
Vascular
vascular injuries
elite throwing athletes
thoracic outlet syndrome
axillary artery compression
quadrilateral space syndrome
arterial thoracic outlet syndrome
Paget-Schroetter syndrome
hypothenar hammer syndrome
repetitive finger trauma
diagnosis and treatment
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