Best Practice Case Studies-Shoulder

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This document contains study questions related to calcific tendonitis and hydroxyapatite deposition disease (HADD). <br /><br />For the first study question, the document examines how calcific tendonitis appears under ultrasound imaging. The correct answer given is "D. Homogenous structure with hyperechoic rim and acoustic shadowing; homogeneous hyperechoic structure." During the hardening phase, before calcific deposits in tendons are fully hardened, they typically appear as homogeneous hyperechoic structures on an ultrasound. Once they harden, these structures develop a hyperechoic rim with acoustic shadowing, characterizing the transition. Other suggested ultrasound appearances do not align with expected findings in calcific tendonitis. A reference is provided from T. Hegazi’s work in "Diagnostics (Basel)." <br /><br />The second study question focuses on the pathogenesis of hydroxyapatite deposition disease (HADD), discussing potential predisposing factors while noting that the exact mechanism remains unclear. The correct answer is "B. Liver disease," which is not considered a predisposing factor for HADD. Several predisposing factors are listed, including diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease, estrogen metabolism disorders, and HLA-A1 genotype. These factors link either metabolic, inflammatory, or genetic pathways that may increase the risk of developing calcium deposits. Diabetes mellitus is implicated due to metabolic changes like oxidative stress. Thyroid and estrogen disorders influence bone metabolism, increasing risk potential. The presence of the HLA-A1 genotype suggests an immunological component, although the specific mechanisms remain undefined. Again, T. Hegazi’s review is referenced for these insights.<br /><br />Overall, the document provides concise knowledge on the identification and risk factors associated with calcific tendonitis and HADD, emphasizing ultrasound appearances and recognized predisposing components.

Meta Tag

Edition 3rd Edition

Related Case 3rd Edition, CASE 51

Topic Shoulder

Keywords

calcific tendonitis

ultrasound imaging

hyperechoic rim

acoustic shadowing

hydroxyapatite deposition disease

HADD

predisposing factors

diabetes mellitus

thyroid disease

T. Hegazi

3rd Edition

3rd Edition, CASE 51

Shoulder