Best Practice Case Studies-Ankylosing Spondylitis

Pdf Summary

Ankylosing spondylitis is a rare autoimmune condition primarily affecting young males aged 15 to 30, characterized by inflammation of the spine and sacroiliac joints. Core symptoms include persistent low back pain and stiffness, notably worse in the morning but improving with activity. Though its exact cause is unclear, there’s a known correlation with the HLA-B27 gene and a familial history of the condition, implicating a genetic component.<br /><br />While many cases are mild, ankylosing spondylitis can lead to severe disability if not managed properly, as chronic inflammation can cause extra bone growth, restricting spinal motion. Symptoms may extend beyond the back, potentially causing eye inflammation (iritis), enthesitis (inflammation at muscle insertion points), GI issues, skin rashes like psoriasis, and occasionally heart complications.<br /><br />Diagnosis often requires a detailed medical history, physical examinations testing range of motion and tenderness, x-rays for structural changes, MRIs for early inflammation detection, and blood tests for HLA-B27 and inflammatory markers. Treatment options vary across age groups but generally include education, physical therapy, anti-inflammatory medications, TNF blockers like infliximab and etanercept, and potentially a rheumatologist referral. Surgery is uncommon, reserved for significant joint damage unresponsive to other therapies.<br /><br />While there's no current prevention for ankylosing spondylitis, early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for controlling inflammation and minimizing complications, such as extra bone formation. Athletes can often see symptom improvements within a week of treatment, allowing a progressive return to sports as tolerated. The American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM) supports athletes with tailored care strategies, combining sports and primary care medicine principles to maintain healthy, active lifestyles.

Meta Tag

Edition 2nd Edition

Related Case 2nd Edition, CASE 46

Topic Rheumatology

Keywords

2nd Edition, CASE 46

2nd Edition

Rheumatology

ankylosing spondylitis

autoimmune condition

young males

HLA-B27 gene

spinal inflammation

iritis

diagnosis

physical therapy

TNF blockers

AMSSM